Most other groupers have a notched dorsal spine membrane and a 3rd spine longer than the 2nd. They can be distinguished by the large size of its dorsal fin with a long 2nd spine, giving the fin a triangular sail-like aspect and the absence of a notch on the interspinous membrane. Preopercle is subangular, the serrae at angle slightly enlarged upper edge of operculum straight. The caudal fin is truncate or slightly concave in larger fish or convex in smaller, less than 15 cm, fish and the caudal peduncle lacks a saddle. Red grouper have ctenoid (rough) scales and thick skin located at the base of the soft dorsal and anal fins. It has large eyes and differs in size, with the anterior pair slightly smaller then the posterior pair. They have several sets of strong, slender teeth that act as raspers to prevent small fish from escaping. Body depth is 2.6 to 3.0 times less than head length. The red grouper is a robust fish of moderate size. The species is most abundant along Florida's east and west coasts, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico, juveniles slightly occur north to Massachusetts. Red grouper, Epinephelus morio, also known as Brown Grouper, Hamlet, and Deer grouper in USA, Cherna Americana, Cherna de Vivero or Mero Americano in Mexico, as Mero Paracamo in Venezuela, is deep water, reef associated fish, widely distributed in Bermuda, from North Carolina to southern Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. The extra lean white meat is firm and moist with large flake and a sweet, mild flavor. The large, white-flaked flesh contains no intramuscular bones. Red Grouper is one of the groupers harvested in volume and most readily available in seafood markets. The genus name, Epinephelus, is derived from the Greek "epinephelos" meaning cloudy. It has firm texture, white meat with large flake and a mild flavor. Red groupers are members of the seabass family, Serranidae, and are found in tropical and warm temperate waters worldwide. The Red Grouper fish identification, habitats, characteristics, Fishing methods
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